KUYPER, Abraham

(1837–1920)

   Protestant minister from 1863 to 1874, theologian, and statesman. From 1872, Kuyper was the edi tor-in-chief of De Standaard, the daily newspaper of the antirevolu tionary political movement, started by Guillaume Groen van Prin sterer. Kuyper became a member of Parliament in 1874. After five years, he founded the Antirevolutionaire Partij (ARP, Anti-Revo lutionary Party). In 1880, he founded the Free (Calvinist) University of Amsterdam, an academy for the propagation of Christian sci ence and culture. In 1886, he seceded from the Dutch Reformed (Hervormde) Church and founded another Dutch Reformed (Gere formeerde) Church on orthodox Calvinist principles, the so-called Doleantie. In the same year, Kuyper developed his “antithesis” to compel the governing liberals, by a coalition of religious parties (confessionelen), to accept state-subsidized educationin private reli gious schools. From 1901 to 1905, he served as prime minister in a coalition cabinet, during which time a national strikeby railwayem ployees was broken by special laws that forbade civil servants to strike. The cartoons about this strike and the politician Kuyper from the socialist Albert Hahn (1877–1918) are still famous.